供核细胞对体细胞核移植效率的影响

利用体细胞核移植技术克隆动物、生产转基因家畜具有极大的应用潜力。然而,核移植效率低下、克隆后代形态异常等问题仍然制约着体细胞核移植技术的产业化进展。影响体细胞核移植效率的因素很多,该文着重从供核细胞的类型、细胞体外培养、细胞凋亡及转基因操作等方面阐述其对体细胞核移植效率的影响。

Effect of Donor Cells on the Efficiency of Somatic Cells Nuclear Transfer

Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) has enormous potential in generating transgenic animals.However,the lower efficiency and abnormalities of cloning fetuses have limited its utilization.Update,many factors were proposed to affect the efficiency of SCNT and the mechanism of cloning animals from differentiated somatic cells has been attributed to complete nuclear reprogramming.Additionally the epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation,histone acetylation may lead to incomplete nuclear reprogramming,thereafter have an important role in SCNT.The efficiency of cloning was also varying with cell types used in cloning as donor nuclear because of different levels of epigenetic modifications.Many experiments suggested that cumulus and oviduct cells were more suitable for donor cells than the others based on comparing several different cell types.In order to improve the efficiency of cloning,some chemicals have also been used to modify the epigenetic modification.Moreover,the apoptosis which might be resulted from cell culture also affected the efficiency of cloning.The relationship between the donor cell types,cell culture,transgenic process and the efficiency of SCNT,as well as factors which might improve the cloning efficiency were reviewed in this paper.