Relative hysteresis of the airways and lung parenchyma in normal subjects

We evaluated the mechanical properties of the airways sequentially from the glottis toward the main bronchi in 10 normal subjects. Plots of airway cross-sectional area vs. lung volume, measured during inspiration and expiration, were used to determine the relative magnitude of the airways vs. parenchymal hysteresis. Airway cross-sectional area was measured by means of the acoustic reflection technique. We found that the hysteresis of the proximal part of the trachea was greater than that of the lung parenchyma, whereas the hysteresis of the distal trachea and subcarinal segments of the airways was smaller than that of the lung parenchyma. The transition zone between the proximal and the more distal airway properties occurred 8-26 cm distal to the glottis. This transition zone was reproducible in its location on repeated testing in each subject but varied among subjects. To the extent that relative hysteresis of the airways depends on bronchomotor tone, our findings suggest that the bronchomotor tone is inhomogeneous, being maximal at the proximal part of the trachea and gradually decreasing toward the more distal trachea and subcarinal airway segments.