Alterations in the general condition,biochemical parameters and locomotor activity in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus exposed to commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos,glyphosate and their mixtures |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina;2. Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina;3. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Dto. Bioquímica Clínica – CIBICI, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina;1. Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt;2. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, North Jeddah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;3. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley Branch, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt;1. Department of Zoology, College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India;2. Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India;1. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina;2. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Dto. Bioquímica Clínica – CIBICI, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina;3. Instituto Superior en Investigación Desarrollo y Servicio de Alimentos (ISIDSA), Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina;1. UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France;2. IRSTEA, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | The Pampean region, an extensive area of South America is continuously impacted by agricultural activities and the pesticides related to them like chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. Both pesticides have been registered in freshwater bodies of the region. One of the most abundant and widely distributed fish species in Pampean streams is Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, which have to cope with this altered scenario.In the present study the toxicity of Clorfox® and Roundup Max®, the commercial formulations of chlorpyrifos and glyphosate, respectively, and their mixture where evaluated using a set of biomarkers at different biological organization levels in fish exposed to relevant environmentally pesticides concentrations. Somatic indexes such as the condition factor (K), and the hepato-somatic index (HSI), the locomotor activity through the distance traveled and the average speed, the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and muscle, catalase (CAT) in muscle and liver, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in brain, liver, muscle and gills, aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver were measured on C. decemmaculatus. Adult females were exposed during 6 weeks to the following concentrations: 0.0084 μl/l and 0.00084 μl/l of Clorfox (CF), 0.2 and 2 mg/l of Roundup Max (RM) and all the combinations of these concentrations. The CF exposure caused a decrease in the condition factor and in the locomotor activity parameters and induced an increase brain AChE, liver CAT activity and AST/ALT ratio. On the other hand, the exposure to RM produced a decrease in liver GST, AST/ALT ratio and ALP activity. Finally, some pesticide combinations decrease general condition and liver GST activities, and increase brain GST and liver ALP activities. Different responses in biomarkers were observed in mixtures treatments, reflecting the complex interactions between these toxics and suggesting a suppressive action of RM on CF effects.Since the concentrations we tested are environmentally relevant and the overall fish health condition was affected, the presence of these pesticides in freshwater systems could impose a risk for populations by causing deleterious effects on C. decemmaculatus in Pampean region. |
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| Keywords: | Biomarkers Bioindicator Fish Pesticides Freshwater quality |
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