Assessment of wind and water erosion risk in the watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River,China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West Donggang Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Shunhe Road 45, Zhengzhou 450003, China;1. Institute for Earth and Environmental Sciences of La Pampa (INCITAP, CONICET-UNLPam) and National University of La Pampa, Faculty of Natural Sciences (UNLPam), Argentina, cc 300, 6300 Santa Rosa, Argentina;2. San Luis (Villa Mercedes, San Luis) Research Station, National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina;3. Anguil (La Pampa) Research Station, National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA), Faculty of Agronomy (UNLPam) and Institute for Earth and Environmental Sciences of La Pampa (INCITAP), Argentina;1. The State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China;2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;4. Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China;2. China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. USDA-ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;4. USDA-ARS, P. O. BOX 5367, 810 Highway 12 East, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;3. Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China |
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| Abstract: | The watershed of the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River (NIMRYR) suffers from soil erosion by wind and water because of the wide distribution of deserts and arsenic sandstones in this region. The sediment generated by erosion fed into the Yellow River directly or by its tributaries, silting up the Yellow River and raising the elevation of the river bed. The silting of the Yellow River result in serious flood disasters in this watershed. Therefore, it is urgent to implement soil conservation projects to control wind and water soil erosion. To reach this objective, understanding the spatial and temporal variations of soil erosion in this watershed is very important. In this study, an assessment of soil erosion risk by wind and water was performed based on soil erosion models. The Integrated Wind Erosion Modeling System (IWEMS) and the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) were used to estimate the wind erosion modulus in this watershed, and the water erosion modulus was estimated by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The results show that during 2000s, the wind erosion modulus ranged from 0 to 31,440.4 t/km2/a, and the water erosion modulus was from 0 to 24,048.5 t/km2/a. Moreover, the total soil erosion modulus by wind and water has ranged from 0 to 32,792.7 t/km2/a. Due to the influence of regional weather and geomorphology, occurrences of wind and water erosion in this watershed are not identical in their spatial and temporal patterns. Based on the calculated soil erosion modulus, soil erosion risk was assessed according to the “Classification criteria for soil-erosion intensities” (SL190-2007). It was assumed that the areas with erosion intensity higher than slight were at risk of erosion; by this criterion, more than 34% of the total area of the watershed of the NIMRYR would be at erosion risk. Based on this estimation, it was also found that the NIMRYR watershed is not a region of wind–water erosion crisscross and that land-use conversions have a significant impact on soil erosion. |
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| Keywords: | IWEMS NIMRYR RUSLE RWEQ Soil erosion |
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