A review of methodologies and success indicators for coastal wetland restoration |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China;2. Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;1. College of Agro-grassland Science, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China;2. Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding-Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany;3. Department of Grassland Science, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China;1. Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore;2. NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore;1. Research Center for Hydropower Sustainable Development, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;2. Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, MWR, Beijing 100120, China;3. China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Beijing 100120, China;1. College of Urban and Environment Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China;2. College of Environment Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China |
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| Abstract: | Coastal wetlands are considered to be amongst the most productive ecosystems and can provide invaluable ecological services. However, coastal wetlands are listed amongst the most threatened ecosystems suffering from anthropogenic activities. The loss or degradation of coastal wetlands has drawn a high level of attention to wetland restoration. Improvement of the structure and function of degraded, damaged and destroyed wetlands may be achieved through ecological restoration. Large numbers of restoration projects have been conducted worldwide based on different restoration goals and different methods. It is undoubtedly important to evaluate whether coastal wetland restoration is successful. However, coastal wetland restoration assessment has become challenging because of current disagreement on definitions and concepts of restoration evaluation. We reviewed the methodology of coastal wetland restoration and criteria for success evaluation, and then summarized the issues for current wetland restoration and success evaluation based on literature review. Moreover, we used an estuarine wetland affected by urbanization as a sample to demonstrate how to establish a success indicator system for guiding wetland restoration and evaluating the success of wetland restoration. |
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| Keywords: | Coastal wetlands Ecological restoration Success indicators Success indicator system |
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