Cellular markers indicative of ozone stress on bioindicator plants growing in a tropical environment |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Sandgrubenstrasse 25, 4124 Schönenbuch, Switzerland;2. Federal Office for the Environment, 3003 Berne, Switzerland;3. ENEA, SSPT-MET-INAT, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;4. University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;5. Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 53021, SE-40014 Gothenburg, Sweden;6. Meteotest, Fabrikstrasse 14, 3012 Berne, Switzerland;7. Swiss TPH, University of Basel, Socinstrasse 57, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;8. CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;2. Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy;1. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania;2. Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania;3. Vytautas Magnum University, Centre of Environmental Research, Faculty of Nature Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Ž.E. Žilibero str. 2, LT-46324 Kaunas, Lithuania;4. Chair Ecophysiology of Plants, Dep. Ecology, WZW, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;1. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8567, Japan;2. Forest and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan;3. Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;4. Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi Mara Sabah, Locked Bag 71, 88997 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;1. Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;2. Department of Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;3. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;4. School of Chemistry and Food, Federal Foundation University of Rio Grande (FURG), 95500-000 Santo Antônio da Patrulha, RS, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Ozone (O3) is an oxidative pollutant that causes visible foliar symptoms in sensitive plants. Importantly, cellular markers induced by physiological alterations, including oxidative burst (OB), hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) reactions, and accelerated cell senescence (ACS), precede these symptoms. Because little is known about the effects of ozone in tropical environments, we aimed to identify these cellular markers in Nicotiana tabacum, Ipomoea nil and Psidium guajava growing in an urban area of tropical Sao Paulo, Brazil, and describe the specific physiological alterations that trigger the development of visible symptoms. Cell wall wart-like protrusions, an OB cellular marker, and swelling of thylakoids and mitochondrial membranes, as well as accumulation of plastoglobuli, all markers of ACS, were cell markers common to all species studied. Cellular markers indicating HR-like reaction, as observed in the asymptomatic leaves of N. tabacum and I. nil, are precursors of future development of necrotic areas, featuring the visible symptoms. On the other hand, the main cause of visible symptoms in P. guajava appeared to be the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the mesophyll tissue, an ACS marker. Based on this line of evidence, these bioindicator plants growing in a tropical environment show the damaging effects of O3 pollution, even before visible symptoms develop. Moreover, this damage can be detected through a distinct group of cellular markers. |
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| Keywords: | Oxidative stress |
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