Bioaccumulation and biochemical response in South American native species exposed to zinc: Boosted regression trees as novel tool for biomarkers selection |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina;2. CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología – CIBICI, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina;3. CONICET, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba – ICYTAC, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;4. School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;5. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China;6. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. Division for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 426, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC – CONICET), Friuli 2434, C.P. 5016 Córdoba, Argentina;2. Center for Developmental Psychobiology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA;3. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina;1. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg – University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany;3. Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Juan María Gutierrez 1150, Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;;2. Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;;3. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;;4. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China;;5. School of Physical Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;;6. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. Laboratory of Laser Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, ASCR v.v.i., 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ASCR v.v.i., 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic;3. Research Centre of New Technologies, University of West Bohemia, 30614 Plzeň, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of a wide battery of biomarkers in two native species, the freshwater shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus and the macrophyte Potamogeton pusillus, experimentally exposed to zinc in order to establish the potential use of selected species as bioindicators of aquatic pollution. For this purpose, we propose the use of integrated biomarker index (IBR) with a previous selection of biomarkers using boosted regression trees (BRTs) as a new tool in ecotoxicology. Organisms were collected from a reference site, acclimated and exposed at relevant environmental zinc levels (control, 5, 50 and 500 μg Zn L−1) for 96 h. Biomarkers were measured in cephalothorax and abdomen of shrimp as well as in leaf, stem and root of plants.Significant zinc accumulation was observed in cephalothorax of P. argentinus from 50 μg Zn L−1 and from 5 μg Zn L−1 in stem and root of P. pusillus, when compared with control condition. Those effect biomarkers with significant differences among treatments were pre-selected to run out the BRTs model for each species. In P. argentinus, microsomal acetylcholinesterase activity, metallothioneins and superoxide dismutase activity measured in cephalothorax, as well as glutathione reductase activity in abdomen, showed the higher capacity to explain or predict the zinc exposure concentration. On the contrary, in P. pusillus, only chlorophyll a measured in leaf and H2O2 measured in root were the more representative of exposure concentrations, at least, within the biomarkers tested in the present study. Thereafter, IBR was calculated with the selected biomarkers in P. argentinus and showed in a sole value the organism stress, which also correlates with zinc exposure and accumulation.Natives species tested displayed a sensitive response to metal exposure, which represents an important characteristic for biomonitoring programs. Our findings suggest that the BRTs and IBR are useful and robust run tools to select the better biomarkers in toxicological studies and indicate the organism stress. |
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| Keywords: | South American species Biomarkers Bioindicators Aquatic contamination Boosted regression trees |
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