Partial persistence of exercise-induced myocardial angiogenesis following 4-week detraining in the rat |
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Authors: | Marina Marini Elisabetta Falcieri Vittoria Margonato Davide Treré Rosa Lapalombella Simona di Tullio Cosetta Marchionni Sabrina Burattini Michele Samaja Fabio Esposito Arsenio Veicsteinas |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 8, Bologna, Italy;(2) Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Chieti, Italy;(3) Institute of Morphological Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy;(4) IGM-CNR, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy;(5) Institute of Physical Exercise, Health and Sport Activities, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;(6) Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;(7) Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;(8) Center of Sport Medicine, Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy |
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Abstract: | Enhanced angiogenesis, or capillary growth, has a prominent role among the various beneficial effects of exercise training
on the myocardium. The aim of the present study is to assess if training-induced increases in capillarity and vascularization
persist after 4 weeks of detraining. Adult male rats were trained to run on a treadmill for 10 weeks at ∼60% VO2max, which did not induce cardiac hypertrophy, but increased (P < 0.05) the soleus/body weight ratio, left ventricle capillarity and von Willebrand-positive cell density (n = 6). In another group of animals (n = 6) subjected to training followed by 4-week detraining, the soleus/body weight ratio returned to normal, with only partial
reversal of left ventricle capillarity and von Willebrand-positive cell density. Markers of angiogenesis (VEGF, KDR/VEGF-R2
and HIF-1α mRNA, studied by real-time RT-PCR) were upregulated at the end of training, and returned to baseline value after
detraining. Electron microscopy highlighted some morphological features in trained hearts (endothelial cell sprouting and
bridges and pericyte detachment), suggestive of endothelial cell proliferation and capillary growth that were absent in untrained
and detrained hearts. We conclude that the training-induced increase in cardiac capillarity and vascularization are retained
for some time upon cessation of the training program even in the absence of angiogenic stimuli. |
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Keywords: | Angiogenesis Exercise training Cardioprotection Rats Electron microscopy |
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