Identification and characterization of flavonoids as sialyltransferase inhibitors

Sialyltransferases biosynthesize sialyl-glycoconjugates involved in many biological and pathological processes. We investigated and characterized synthetic flavonoid derivatives as sialyltransferase inhibitors. We first examined 54 compounds by solid-phase enzyme assay using β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal I) and β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase. Several compounds inhibited sialyltransferase enzyme activity regardless of sialyl-linkage reactions. Among them, two compounds showed inhibitory activity against ST6Gal I with IC₅₀ values less than 10 μM. Three characteristic features of flavonoids were determined by structure-inhibitory activity relationships. First, a double bond between C2-C3 linkages is required for the activity. Second, increasing hydrophilic properties on the B-ring markedly augmented the inhibitory effect. Third, a hydrophobic functional group introduced on the hydroxyl groups of the A-ring enhanced the inhibitory activity. Kinetic analysis using human ST6Gal I indicated a mixed inhibition mechanism of the compounds. In conclusion, the flavonoids identified could be applied for control of cellular expression of sialic acid.