Root Hairs Play a Key Role in the Endophytic Colonization of Olive Roots by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas</Emphasis> spp. with Biocontrol Activity |
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Authors: | Pilar Prieto Elisabetta Schilirò María Mercedes Maldonado-González Raquel Valderrama Juan Bautista Barroso-Albarracín Jesús Mercado-Blanco |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Mejora Genética,Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC),Córdoba,Spain;2.Departamento de Protección de Cultivos,Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC),Córdoba,Spain;3.Departamento de Biología Experimental,Universidad de Jaén,Jaén,Spain |
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Abstract: | The use of indigenous bacterial root endophytes with biocontrol activity against soil-borne phytopathogens is an environmentally-friendly
and ecologically-efficient action within an integrated disease management framework. The earliest steps of olive root colonization
by Pseudomonas fluorescens PICF7 and Pseudomonas putida PICP2, effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Verticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea L.) caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., are here described. A gnotobiotic study system using in vitro propagated olive plants, differential fluorescent-protein
tagging of bacteria, and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis have been successfully used to examine olive roots–Pseudomonas spp. interactions at the single-cell level. In vivo simultaneous visualization of PICF7 and PICP2 cells on/in root tissues
enabled to discard competition between the two bacterial strains during root colonization. Results demonstrated that both
BCAs are able to endophytically colonized olive root tissues. Moreover, results suggest a pivotal role of root hairs in root
colonization by both biocontrol Pseudomonas spp. However, colonization of root hairs appeared to be a highly specific event, and only a very low number of root hairs
were effectively colonized by introduced bacteria. Strains PICF7 and PICP2 can simultaneously colonize the same root hair,
demonstrating that early colonization of a given root hair by one strain did not hinder subsequent attachment and penetration
by the other. Since many environmental factors can affect the number, anatomy, development, and physiology of root hairs,
colonization competence and biocontrol effectiveness of BCAs may be greatly influenced by root hair’s fitness. Finally, the
in vitro study system here reported has shown to be a suitable tool to investigate colonization processes of woody plant roots
by microorganisms with biocontrol potential. |
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