植物介导的害虫RNA干扰

摘要: 应用植物介导的昆虫RNAi进行害虫防治近10年来受到了广泛的关注，其作用机理包括两个阶段，首先是害虫靶标基因dsRNA在植物体内的表达、运输和贮存，然后是害虫取食该植物后，dsRNA特异性抑制害虫体内靶标基因的表达。目前，植物介导的昆虫RNAi主要针对鳞翅目、鞘翅目和同翅目害虫，可以引起害虫生长发育的异常，导致死亡/繁殖力下降，甚至影响到其子代的生长。影响植物介导昆虫RNAi效率的因素主要包括害虫靶标基因的选择、dsRNA靶定位点及长度、植物表达dsRNA载体的结构和转基因植物的遗传转化方式等。植物介导昆虫RNAi防治害虫的策略也面临着潜在的安全性问题，如转基因植物安全性和RNAi潜在脱靶性等。随着植物介导昆虫RNAi技术的成熟，该方法有望成为害虫防治的新策略。

Plant-mediated RNA interference in insect pests

Insect pest control by plant-mediated RNAi has received extensive attention in the recent decade. The process involves two steps: the first is the expression, transport and storage of the dsRNAs of target genes in a plant, and the second is that the expression of target gene in the pest is specifically inhibited after the pest feeds on this plant. So far, plant-mediated RNAi has been focused on Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Homoptera pests, causing the abnormal growth and development, reduced fecundity, and mortality of insect pests, and even the abnormal growth and development of their offspring. There are many factors affecting the efficacy of plant-mediated RNAi for pest control, including the selection of target gene/locus, the length of dsRNA, dsRNA expression vector and the transformation method of plant. Plant-mediated RNAi for pest control is still facing some challenges, such as the ecological safety of transgenic plant and the potential off-target effect of RNAi. With the development of this technology, it could become a new strategy for pest control.