啶虫脒对西方蜜蜂蜂王培育质量的影响

【目的】本实验旨在研究王台中残留啶虫脒对西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera蜂王培育质量的影响。【方法】通过融化蜂蜡并添加啶虫脒药液制作王台，使各王台中分别含4个不同剂量的啶虫脒(0, 10, 100和1 000 μg/kg蜂蜡)。同时，控制蜂王产卵6 h， 3 d后，将孵化为1日龄的幼虫分别移入各组王台中，并放入蜂群哺育。移虫后第3和6天分别统计各组王台中幼虫的接受率和封盖率，待蜂王出房时，计算其出房率，测定蜂王个体初生重、胸重和胸宽指标；采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术测定蜂王卵巢中卵黄原蛋白基因(Vg)、储存蛋白基因(hex110和hex70b)的相对表达量。【结果】100 μg/kg蜂蜡和1 000μg/kg蜂蜡这两个啶虫脒剂量组西方蜜蜂蜂王的出房率都显著低于0 μg/kg蜂蜡和10 μg/kg蜂蜡剂量组，而0 μg/kg蜂蜡与10 μg/kg蜂蜡剂量组之间及100 μg/kg蜂蜡与1 000 μg/kg蜂蜡剂量组之间出房率均差异不显著；这4个剂量组的王台幼虫接受率和封盖率以及蜂王的初生重、胸重和胸宽均无显著差异。qPCR结果显示，Vg基因的相对表达量随啶虫脒浓度的增加而下降，其中，1 000 μg/kg蜂蜡剂量组Vg基因的相对表达量显著低于10 μg/kg蜂蜡剂量组和0 μg/kg蜂蜡剂量组，其余各剂量组之间差异不显著；这4个剂量组之间hex110和hex70b基因的表达量差异不显著。【结论】西方蜜蜂王台中啶虫脒残留超过100 μg/kg蜂蜡剂量时，会对蜂王培育产生不利影响。

Effects of acetamiprid on queen rearing in the western honey bee,Apis mellifera(Hymenoptera: Apidae)

【Aim】 The aim of this study is to determine the effects of acetamiprid residuein queen cell on queen rearing in the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. 【Methods】 Queencells were made with dissolved beeswax and by adding acetamiprid solution, and queen cellscontaining four different doses of acetamiprid (0, 10, 100 and 1 000 μg/kg beeswax)respectively were obtained. Meanwhile, a queen was restricted in a comb to lay eggs for 6h. When the larvae hatched from those eggs, 1-day-old larvae were grafted into the abovequeen cells followed by feeding in bee colonies. On day 3 and day 6 after graft, theacceptance and capped rates of larvae in queen cells of each group were respectivelycounted. The number of emerged queens in all groups was recorded, and the birth weight,thorax weight and thorax width of these queens were measured. The relative expressionlevels of vitellogenin gene (Vg) and hexamerin genes (hex110 and hex70b) in queen ovarieswere detected by qPCR. 【Results】 The emergence rates of reared queens of A. mellifera inthe acetamiprid dose groups of 100 μg/kg beeswax and 1 000 μg/kg beeswax weresignificantly lower than those in the 0 μg/kg beeswax dose group and the 10 μg/kg beeswaxdose group, while there were no significant differences among other dose groups. There wereno significant differences in the acceptance rate and capped rate of the larvae, and thebirth weight, thorax weight and thorax width of emerged queens among the four dose groups.The results of qPCR showed that the relative expression levels of Vg gene decreased withthe increasing concentrations of acetamiprid. Among them, the relative expression level ofVg in the 1 000 μg/kg beeswax dose group was significantly lower than those in the 10μg/kg beeswax dose group and the 0 μg/kg beeswax dose group, but there was no significantdifference between the other dose groups. Furthermore, the expression levels of hex110 andhex70b showed no significant difference among the four groups. 【Conclusion】 When theresidue of acetamiprid in queen cells is over 100 μg/kg beeswax, it will generate negativeeffects on the process of queen rearing in A. mellifera.