Fatty acid transport in the blood by lipoproteins as macromolecules: facts and a hypothesis]

We develop a hypothesis of lipid transport in blood which differs significantly from commonly used one. In any organism hydrophobic substances transport in aqueous medium functions on the base of the some principles. Hence: (a) lipoproteins transport mainly fatty acids; (b) lopoprotein structure are based on the protein chemistry principles; (c) all lipiproteins are build up according to a single principle and are bilayers--protein: lipid; (d) apolipoprotein is a protein which binds one lipid class, determines the peculiarities of structure and function of transporting macromolecule and disturbs fatty acids transport in blood at inherent synthesis absence or change of apoprotein primary structure; (e) only fatty acids and all their derivatives are lipids. Thus cholesterol being an alcohol is nor a lipid, but cholesrteryl esters with fatty acids are complicated lipids. Thus triacylycerides in blood are the transporting form of saturated fatty acids, but phospholipids--the transporting form of polyenic fatty acids. High density lipoproteins transfer fatty acids in polar esters only, but apoB macromolecules--only in nonpolar. At first, cholesterol is a factor of short-time adaptation to medium change. At second, cholesterol provides active transport of polyenoic fatty acids to cell forming functional circulation of cholesterol. Blood cholesterol is the test of cell deficiency of polyenoic omega-3 fatty acids.