植物地上部对铝毒的生理响应及其耐性

全世界50％以上潜在的可耕地属于酸性土壤，铝毒害是酸性土壤上植物生长最有害因素之一。近年来，为了阐明植物铝毒害及其耐性，前人已进行了大量的研究，并有一些综述性文章发表。然而，大多数文章主要综述铝对植物根系的影响及其耐性，因为根生长受抑是最早的铝毒害症状之一和溶液培养时最容易辨认的铝毒害症状。为此，本文综述了铝对植物地上部光合作用、光保护系统、水分利用效率、含水量、碳水化合物含量、矿质营养、有机酸和氮代谢的影响，并对富铝植物的解铝毒机制（铝与小分子有机酸螯合和把铝隔离在对铝不敏感的表皮细胞和液泡内）进行了综述。本文还对植物耐铝遗传学和分子生物学及今后需要研究的问题进行了讨论。

Physiological Responses and Tolerance of Plant Shoot to Aluminum Toxicity

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most deleterious factors for plant growth in acidic soils because over 50% of the world's potentially arable lands are acidic. In recent years, considerable research has been conducted to understand the mechanisms of Al toxicity and tolerance in plants, and some review papers have been published. But most papers addressed mainly the mechanisms of Al toxicity and tolerance in plant root system, because inhibition of root growth is one of the earliest symptoms of Al injury and the most easily recognized symptom in solution culture. This paper reviews the effects of Al on photosynthesis, photoprotective systems, water use efficiency (WUE), water content, carbohydrate content, mineral nutrition, organic acids, and nitrogen metabolism in plant shoot, and also the mechanisms of Al detoxification (chelation of Al with small organic compounds, and isolating Al in the some parts, which are insensitive to Al, such as vacuoles or epidermal cells) by Al accumulators. Genetics and molecular biology of plant Al tolerance, as well as some aspects needed to be further studied are also discussed.