Methods of molecular cytogenetics for studying interphase chromosomes in human brain cells |
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Authors: | I Yu Iourov S G Vorsanova I V Solov’ev Yu B Yurov |
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Institution: | 1.Mental Health Research Center,Russian Academy of Medical Sciences,Moscow,Russia;2.Rosmedtechnologii,Institute of Pediatrics and Children Surgery,Moscow,Russia |
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Abstract: | One of the main genetic factors determining the functional activity of the genome in somatic cells, including brain nerve
cells, is the spatial organization of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus. For a long time, no studies of human brain cells
were carried out until high-resolution methods of molecular cytogenetics were developed to analyze interphase chromosomes
in nondividing somatic cells. The purpose of the present work was to assess the potential of high-resolution methods of interphase
molecular cytogenetics for studying chromosomes and the nuclear organization in postmitotic brain cells. A high efficiency
was shown by such methods as multiprobe and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Multiprobe FISH and QFISH), ImmunoMFISH
(analysis of the chromosome organization in different types of brain cells), and interphase chromosome-specific multicolor
banding (ICS-MCB). These approaches allowed studying the nuclear organization depending on the gene composition and types
of repetitive DNA of specific chromosome regions in certain types of brain cells (in neurons and glial cells, in particular).
The present work demonstrates a high potential of interphase molecular cytogenetics for studying the structural and functional
organizations of the cell nucleus in highly differentiated nerve cells. Analysis of interphase chromosomes of brain cells
in the normal and pathological states can be considered as a promising line of research in modern molecular cytogenetics and
cell neurobiology, i. e., molecular neurocytogenetics. |
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