黑木耳复合群中种类学名说明

黑木耳在我国已经有1 000多年栽培历史,是我国最重要的栽培真菌之一,多年来我国黑木耳的学名一直使用模式产地为欧洲的Auricularia auricula-judae。最近的研究表明A. auricula-judae实际为一复合种,该复合种在全球范围内有5个种。其中A. auricula-judae仅分布于欧洲;美洲有2个种,生长在针叶树上的美洲木耳A. americana和生长在阔叶树上的尚未命名的木耳。中国该类群有3个种：自然分布和栽培最广泛的黑木耳的学名应为A. heimuer,此外,短毛木耳A. villosula在我国东北也广泛分布,并有少量栽培,生长针叶树上的木耳为美洲木耳A. americana,主要分布于中国东北和华北。

Notes on the nomenclature of the Auricularia auricula-judae complex

“Heimuer” is one of the most important fungi in China, and it has been cultivated and used as food in the country for more than 1 000 years. Auricularia auricula-judae or Auricularia auricula has been applied for its scientific name for more than 120 years. However, recent molecular studies showed that A. auricula-judae is a species complex, and five species have been found in the complex all over the world. A. auricula-judae has a distribution in Europe only, and grows on angiosperms. Two species are found in North America: A. americana grows on gymnosperms and an undescribed species on angiosperms. Three species are found in China: A. heimuer is a commonly cultivated species growing on angiosperms especially on Quercus, with a wide distribution in most parts of China; A. villosula has been cultivated on a small scale, growing on angiosperms with a wide distribution in northeast China; A. americana has not been cultivated, growing on gymnosperms in northeast and northern China.