侧耳属真菌经济利用的研究进展

侧耳属真菌分布广泛、是大型真菌中生物多样性最为丰富的类群之一。其含有丰富的多糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸等生物活性物质,在食品、保健和医药等方面具有广泛用途。侧耳属真菌通过产生木质素氧化酶、锰过氧化物酶和漆酶等酶类降解多环芳烃、染料、工农业废弃物等有害物,并广泛应用于纺织厂、造纸厂、橄榄油厂废水及城市废水的处理。同时,侧耳属是食用菌家族中利用基质最为广泛的真菌,可以多种农业、林业、轻工业等废弃物为基质进行栽培生产,且生物学效率较高,具重要农业生产应用价值。

Research advances in economic utilization of Pleurotus spp.

Pleurotus (Pleurotaceae, Agaricomycetes) is considered as one of the most abundant biological diversity groups in the macrofungi. Pleurotus spp. have abundant bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids and fatty acids, etc. These substances have been extensively used in the fields of food, health care, and pharmaceutical industry. The fungi secrete enzymes such as lignin peroxidases, Mn-peroxidase and laccase, etc., which may degrade PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), dyes, agricultural and industrial wastes and thus can be used in treating waste water from industries like textile, paper-making, olive mill and city waste. Due to their strong ability of utilizing diverse substrates, Pleurotus spp. could be cultivated on substrates formulated from agriculture, forestry and light industry wastes. In most cases, their biological efficiency is higher than other edible fungi. Pleurotus spp. have important application value in agricultural production.