Mechanisms of DHA-enriched phospholipids in improving cognitive deficits in aged SAMP8 mice with high-fat diet |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China;2. Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao 266237, PR China;1. Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;2. Department of Radiology, Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA;3. Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;4. Departments of Biochemistry & Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;5. National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Bethesda, MD, USA;6. Kaiser Permanente, Atlanta, GA, USA;7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH;8. Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA;9. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;10. Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China;2. Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Recent studies have shown that a high-fat diet (HFD) is involved in both metabolic dysfunction and cognitive deficiency and that docosahexaenoic-acid-enriched phospholipids (DHA-PLs) have beneficial effects on obesity and cognitive impairment. However, there are only a few studies comparing differences between DHA-PC and DHA-PS in HFD-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. After 8 weeks feeding with HFD, 10-month-old SAMP8 mice were fed with 1% (w/w) DHA-PC or 1% DHA-PS (biosynthesized from DHA-PC) for 8 weeks; we then tested the behavioral performances in the Barnes maze test and Morris maze test. The changes of the generation and accumulation of Aβ, oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factors were also measured. The results indicated that both DHA-PC and DHA-PS significantly improved the metabolic disorders and cognitive deficits. Both DHA-PC and DHA-PS could ameliorate oxidative stress, and DHA-PS presented more notable benefits than DHA-PC on Aβ pathology, mitochondrial damage, neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factors; DHA-PS was for the first time found to increase the production of insoluble Aβ (less pathogenic) in this AD model. These data suggest that DHA-PLs can significantly improve cognitive deficiency, and the molecular mechanisms for this closely relate to the phospholipid polar groups. |
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