Two weeks of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation increases synthesis-secretion kinetics of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to 8 weeks of DHA supplementation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2;2. Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1;3. Lipid Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Bâtiments G & H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE;2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;1. Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain;2. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain;3. Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain;4. Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA;5. IMDEA Alimentación, Madrid, Spain;6. CNIC, Madrid, Spain;1. HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria;2. Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria;3. Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria;4. Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842, Republic of Korea;1. Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N2;2. Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R2H 2A6;3. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R2H 2A6.;1. Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), México, DF 07360, Mexico;2. Glomerular Disease Therapeutic Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States;3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 University City, D.F., Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) must be consumed in the diet or synthesized from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) precursors. However, the effect of dietary DHA on the metabolic pathway is not fully understood. Presently, 21-day-old Long Evans rats were weaned onto one of four dietary protocols: 1) 8 weeks of 2% ALA (ALA), 2) 6 weeks ALA followed by 2 weeks of 2% ALA + 2% DHA (DHA), 3) 4 weeks ALA followed by 4 weeks DHA and 4) 8 weeks of DHA. After the feeding period, 2H5-ALA and 13C20-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) were co-infused and blood was collected over 3 h for determination of whole-body synthesis-secretion kinetics. The synthesis-secretion coefficient (ml/min, means ± SEM) for EPA (0.238±0.104 vs. 0.021±0.001) and DPAn-3 (0.194±0.060 vs. 0.020±0.008) synthesis from plasma unesterified ALA, and DPAn-3 from plasma unesterified EPA (2.04±0.89 vs. 0.163±0.025) were higher (P<.05) after 2 weeks compared to 8 weeks of DHA feeding. The daily synthesis-secretion rate (nmol/d) of DHA from EPA was highest after 4 weeks of DHA feeding (843±409) compared to no DHA (70±22). Liver gene expression of ELOVL2 and FADS2 were lower (P<.05) after 4 vs. 8 weeks of DHA. Higher synthesis-secretion kinetics after 2 and 4 weeks of DHA feeding suggests an increased throughput of the PUFA metabolic pathway. Furthermore, these findings may lead to novel dietary strategies to maximize DHA levels while minimizing dietary requirements. |
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