The chromosome-scale assembly of endive (Cichorium endivia) genome provides insights into the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, PR China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Beijing 100097, PR China;4. Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China;5. State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China;6. College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China;7. Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA |
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| Abstract: | Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) is a leafy vegetable in the Asteraceae family. Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) in endive leaves bring a bitter taste that varies between varieties. Despite their importance in breeding varieties with unique flavours, sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathways in endive are poorly understood. We assembled a chromosome-scale endive genome of 641 Mb with a contig N50 of 5.16 Mb and annotated 46,711 protein-coding genes. Several gene families, especially terpene synthases (TPS) genes, expanded significantly in the C. endivia genome. STLs biosynthesis-related genes and TPS genes in more bitter varieties have shown a higher level of expression, which could be attributed to genomic variations. Our results penetrate the origin and diversity of bitter taste and facilitate the molecular breeding of endive varieties with unique bitter tastes. The high-quality endive assembly would provide a reference genome for studying the evolution and diversity of Asteraceae. |
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| Keywords: | STL" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_GfHn0jr0pw" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" sesquiterpene lactone TPS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_8gJ2GYPgQy" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" terpene synthase SSR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_lfigZoWYfe" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" simple sequence repeat SNP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_yNbNCpcSBv" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" single nucleotide polymorphism TE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_NF78wMiyOX" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" transposable element ONT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_SP9OUl2fY3" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Oxford Nanopore Technologies Hi-C" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_1Z9LyXVISK" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" high-throughput chromosome conformation capture BUSCO" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_SPqwuAG6KC" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog |
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