Context-Specific Mechanisms of Cell Polarity Regulation |
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| Authors: | Amr H Allam Mirren Charnley Sarah M Russell |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia;2. Immune Signalling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia;3. Biointerface Engineering Group, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia;4. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia;5. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Cell polarity is an essential process shared by almost all animal tissues. Moreover, cell polarity enables cells to sense and respond to the cues provided by the neighboring cells and the surrounding microenvironment. These responses play a critical role in regulating key physiological processes, including cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, vesicle trafficking and immune responses. The polarity protein complexes regulating these interactions are highly evolutionarily conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. Interestingly, these polarity complexes interact with each other and key signaling pathways in a cell-polarity context-dependent manner. However, the exact mechanisms by which these interactions take place are poorly understood. In this review, we will focus on the roles of the key polarity complexes SCRIB, PAR and Crumbs in regulating different forms of cell polarity, including epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, asymmetric cell division and the T-cell immunological synapse assembly and signaling. |
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| Keywords: | CRB complex Crumbs complex PAR partitioning defective complex ACD asymmetric cell division IS Immunological synapse ECM extracellular matrix TJ tight junctions AJ adherens junctions CDC42 cell division control protein kinase PALS1 protein associated with Lin7 1 PALSJ PALS1-associated tight junction LGL1/2 lethal-giant larvae DLG disc large JAMs junctional adhesion molecules ZO1–2–3 zonula occludens GSK3β glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta MTOC microtubule organizing center Smurf1 Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor-1 Pros Prospero Inscu Inscuteable APC antigen-presenting cell SMAC supramolecular activation clusters nPKC novel protein kinase C Arp2/3 actin-related protein-2/3 epithelial polarity migration asymmetric division immunological synapse polarity complexes |
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