Predator-mediated genotypic shifts in a prey population: experimental evidence |
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Authors: | Joanna Pijanowska Lawrence J. Weider Winfried Lampert |
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Affiliation: | (1) Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24306 Plön, Germany;(2) Present address: Department of Hydrobiology, University of Warsaw, Nowy Swiat 67, 00 046 Warsaw, Poland |
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Abstract: | We demonstrate the effect of fish predation on genotype frequencies in a laboratory population composed of two Daphnia magna clones, with historically contrasting exposures to fish predation. The two clones differed in their responsiveness to predation via differential avoidance/escape behavior. The clone which coexists with fish in nature is more responsive to the presence of a fish predator, while the clone not exposed to fish predation does not exhibit the defensive reaction. Fish caused a rapid (within 18 h) and significant shift in Daphnia clonal composition, from 1:1 to 8:1, in favor of the responsive clone. Genotype-specific defensive abilities (modus defendi) can contribute greatly to the phenomenon of genotype replacement under selective predation. |
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Keywords: | Daphnia Vertical migration Predator-induced behavior Clonal replacement |
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