鹰嘴豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析

以100份鹰嘴豆种质资源为材料,应用聚类分析和主成分分析方法,对15个主要农艺性状的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明,参试材料存在广泛的遗传多样性。其中,多样性指数最高的是株高,其次是百粒重;性状变异系数最大的是单株荚数,其次是单株粒重;基于各种质间形态标记的遗传差异,将100份鹰嘴豆种质聚类并划分为4大类群。第Ⅰ类群可作为选育丰产中粒型和株高适中的品种,第Ⅱ类群可作为选育矮秆耐密及特异粒色(型)品种,第Ⅲ类群丰产性较差可作为选育子粒球型、光滑的品种,第Ⅳ类群可作为选育大粒型、适宜机械化收获的品种。9个数量性状的主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分累计贡献率达73.91%,各主成分性状载荷值反映了主要数量性状的育种选择潜力。综合分析种质资源农艺性状,为鹰嘴豆的有效利用提供一定的科学依据。

Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L. ) Germplasm Resources

Fifteen agronomic traits of 100 chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes have been analyzed for genetic diversity by using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results revealed broad genetic diversity among these chickpeas. The diversity index of plant height is highest, followed by 100-seed weight. The coefficient variation (CV) of pod number per plant is highest, followed by seed weight per plant. Based on the genetic differenciation of agronomic traits, the 100 chickpea genotypes were divided into 4 groups. As candidate parents, the genotypes from the first group can be used for breeding varieties with high yield and moderate plant height, the genotypes from the second group can be used for breeding varieties with high population density and special seed color (shape), the genotypes from the third group can be used for breeding varieties with spherical and smooth seeds, the genotypes from the fourth group can be used for breeding varieties with large seed type and suitable for combine harvesting. The principal components analysis based on 9 quantitative traits, indicated the accumulation indices of 73.91% from the top four principal components which reflecting the breeding potential of major quantitative traits. Comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits provided scientific information for effective use of chickpea genetic resources.