In vitro Metabolism of Flupyrazofos to Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
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| Institution: | 1. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441–707, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, 561–756, Republic of Korea;3. Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561–756, Republic of Korea;1. National Referral Laboratory, National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India;2. Agilent Technologies, Bangalore 560048, India;1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran;1. Food and Health Engineering Research Center of State Education Ministry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory for Biological Control & Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;1. Faculty of Applied Biotechnology and Biology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;2. Faculty of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;3. Bayer CropScience AG, RD-SMR Pest Control Biology, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim, Germany;4. Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied, Biological Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;5. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;6. Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School Tropical Medicine, UK |
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| Abstract: | In vitro metabolism study was conducted to observe the role of enzymes and its kind responsible for tolerance in metabolism of flupyrazofos to Diamond backmoth (DBM), Plutella xylostella as a susceptible insect and Beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua as a tolerance insect. The results indicated that there were some differences between the DBM (LD50, 0.54 ppm) and BAW (LD50, >2,000 ppm). In the microsomal fractions, the 4th instar BAW larvae metabolized almost the same amount (about 38%) of flupyrazofos with or without NADPH, but it increased the amount of flupyrazol in the 3rd instar larvae of DBM. Flupyrazofos-oxon was slightly increased with the addition of NADPH in both species. With the addition of piperonyl butoxide (PB) or Iprobenfos (IBP), the amount of flupyrazol was decreased to one third of flupyrazol produced by NADPH in BAW and one fourth of flupyrazol produced by NADPH in DBM. Some effects of inhibitors, PB and IBP, and co-factor, NADPH, were showed when flupyrazofos was metabolized with or without them. This means that esterase and oxidase are responsible for the tolerance mechanism of flupyrazofos in DBM and BAW. |
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