基于生态系统服务付费模型的福州市区域生态补偿额度核算

区域生态补偿额度的确定和空间选择是横向转移支付生态补偿机制研究的关键问题。本研究以福州市12区县为基本研究单元,通过核算2015和2018年福州市各区县森林、草地、湿地、农田和海洋五大生态系统的生态功能价值,结合当地经济发展状况,构建生态补偿模型,确定了福州市各区县不同生态系统的生态补偿额度及空间分布。结果表明: 2015—2018年间,生态支付额度最大的地区为鼓楼区(363.84亿元),其次为马尾区、仓山区和晋安区,分别为78.09、69.74和66.69亿元,罗源县和台江区的支付额度较小,分别为29.42和19.03亿元。需要生态补偿的区域中,连江县和长乐区的补偿额度较高,分别为251.20和202.61亿元,其次为永泰县(125.70亿元),再次为闽侯县、福清市和闽清县,补偿额度在100亿元以下。不同生态系统类型的生态补偿区域分布不同,其中,永泰县、闽清县、闽侯县、连江县和罗源县是森林、草地、湿地和农田生态系统的主要生态补偿区,森林、草地、湿地和农田的补偿额分别在24.24～313.79、11.81～207.08、10.15～454.93和57.80～239.54亿元;海洋生态系统的补偿区主要在连江县、长乐区和福清市,补偿额在82.16～478.54亿元。该结果较好地反映区域生态与经济协调发展状况,可为福州市生态补偿机制的完善提供参考。

Regional ecological compensation accounting in Fuzhou City based on a payment for ecosystem services (PES)model

The determination of regional ecological compensation quota and spatial selection are key issues in the study of horizontal transfer payment ecological compensation mechanism. Taking 12 districts of Fuzhou City as the basic research unit, we accounted the ecological function values of forest, grassland, wetland, agriculture, and marine ecosystems in 2015 and 2018. Combined with local economic development situation, we constructed an ecological compensation model. With this model, we determined the ecological compensation quota and spatial distribution of different ecosystems in various districts and counties of Fuzhou. The results showed that from 2015 to 2018, Gulou District had the largest ecological payment, with 36.384 billion yuan, followed by Mawei, Cangshan and Jin’an districts, with 7.809, 6.974 and 6.669 billion yuan, respectively. Luoyuan County and Taijiang District had lower payment, which were 2.942 and 1.903 billion yuan respectively. Among the areas requiring ecological compensation, Lianjiang County and Changle District had high compensation quotas, being 25.120 and 20.261 billion yuan, followed by Yongtai County (12.570 billion yuan). The compensation amounts in Minhou County, Fuqing City and Minqing County were less than 10 billion yuan. The distribution of ecological compensation differed across various ecosystems. In general, the main ecological compensation areas of forest, grassland, wetland and agriculture ecosystem were in Yongtai, Minqing, Minhou, Lianjiang and Luoyuan counties. The compensation amounts were 2.424-31.379 billion yuan in forest, 1.181-20.708 billion yuan in grassland, 1.015-45.493 billion yuan in wetland, and 5.780-23.954 billion yuan in cropland. The main regions that need compensation for marine ecosystem were Lianjiang County, Changle District, and Fuqing City, with the amount of compensation being 8.216-47.854 billion yuan. The results could properly reflect the coordinated development of regional ecological and economic conditions, which could provide a reference for the improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism in Fuzhou City.