郑州孙庄遗址仰韶文化居民的颅骨形态

孙庄遗址位于河南省郑州市中原区孙庄村南,是分布在黄河中下游地区的一处仰韶文化晚期遗存。通过对遗址出土的10例保存基本完整的颅骨进行测量与观察后,得出以下结论:孙庄组的颅面部特征为高颅型与狭颅型相结合的颅型特点、中等偏大的面部扁平度、狭额型、中鼻型、低眶型、中面角属平颌型、犬齿窝和鼻根凹欠发达、颅顶缝简单等。孙庄组古代居民颅骨的形态特征归属于亚洲蒙古人种范围。颅骨形态学特征分析结果显示,孙庄组与亚洲蒙古人种近代华南组(R=1.26)关系最为密切,与近代蒙古组(R=1.80)和通古斯组(R=2.06)关系疏远;在与各新石器时代组的对比中,孙庄男性组与仰韶合并组(R=1.00)、庙子沟组(R=1.00)、西山组(R=1.07)、大汶口组(R=1.13)关系接近,孙庄女性组最接近于大汶口组(D_ij=3.10)、徐堡组(D_ij=4.58)和西山组(D_ij=4.60)。综上,我们可知分布在黄河中下游地区的仰韶时代中晚期人群在颅面部特征上颇为一致,具有较高的同源性,应同属于"古中原类型"居民。

A study of skull morphology of Yangshao Culture residents from the Sunzhuang site in Zhengzhou

The Sunzhuang site, located in the south of Sunzhuang Village, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, is a late Yangshao cultural site distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Through the measurement and observation of 10 cases of basically intact skulls unearthed from the site, the following conclusions are drawn: The craniofacial features of Sunzhuang group can be summarized as follows: high cranial type combined with narrow cranial type, moderate to large facial flatness, narrow frontal type, middle nasal type, low orbital type, middle facial angle belonging to flat jaw type, underdeveloped canine dentate fossa and nasal root fossa. Simple parietal suture. The morphological characteristics of the skulls of the ancient residents of the Sunzhuang formation belong to the Asian Mongolian nationality. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis of the morphological characteristics of the skull showed that the Sunzhuang formation is most closely related to the modern South China formation (R=1.26) of Asian Mongolians, and is estranged from the modern Mongolian group (R=1.80) and Tungus group (R=2.06). In comparison with Neolithic formation, the relationship between Sunzhuang male formation and Yangshao merge formation (R=1.00), Miaozigou formation (R=1.00), Xishan formation (R=1.07) and Dawenkou formation (R=1.13) is close. Sunzhuang female group is closest to Dawenkou group (D_ij=3.10), Xubao group (D_ij=4.58) and Xishan group (D_ij=4.60). In summary, We can see that the middle and late Yangshao people distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River have the same craniofacial characteristics and high homology, and should belong to the “ancient Central Plains type” residents.