天津蓟县桃花园墓地明清时期缠足女性足骨的形态观察

本文对天津蓟县桃花园墓地明清时期101例缠足女性足骨形变情况进行了观察和分析。结果显示,不同个体的同名骨骼形变类型和程度不同,有的个体两侧足骨呈不对称状。跗骨在整体尺寸上缩小,且部分跗骨会产生形变。跖骨和近节趾骨因受缠足外力的影响在形态上会产生剧烈的变化,主要变现为跖骨和近节趾骨纤细、弓弯,关节面改变,其近、远端以及跖骨体和趾骨体的上下径和横径均产生形变。总体而言,跖骨和近节趾骨的形变程度较跗骨而言更大。本文总结了判断某个体是否缠足的依据,特别指出需要同时观察距骨和跟骨的形态改变。鉴于其他疾病(如高弓足、麻风病、风湿性关节炎)也可导致足骨的畸形样貌,在进行个体缠足判定时,需要进行综合成因分析。缠足由文化行为所导致,其足骨形变特征有别于因病理原因导致的足部畸形。功能压力分析能够有效地解释缠足个体足骨形变的成因及过程。

Morphological analysis of bones on the foot-binding female deformity of Taohuayuan Cemetery of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Ji county,Tianjin

The authors studied the foot bone deformation in Taohuayuan Cemetery (14-19 century) of Jixian County in Tianjin. 101female individuals were observed and analyzed. The results show that the homonymous bones of individuals have different shapes and degrees of deformation. It shows that the deformation symmetry in both sides. Tarsals are mainly manifested in the reduction of overall size, and some of them will produce deformation. The shape of metatarsal and proximal phalangeal bone will change dramatically due to the influence of foot binding force, which is mainly manifested as the thin and curved metatarsal and proximal phalangeal bone, the change of articular surface, and the deformation of proximal and distal metatarsal body, upper and lower diameter and transverse diameter of metatarsal body and phalangeal body.In general, metatarsals and phalanges are more deformed than tarsals. The authors summarized the standard of judging whether an individual has foot bound or not, especially point out that it is necessary to observe the morphological changes of talus and calcaneus at the same time. In view of other diseases (such as hyperarched foot, leprosy and rheumatoid arthritis) can also lead to the deformity of foot bone, it is necessary to analyze the cause of formation when diagnose. Foot binding is caused by culture, and this kind of foot bone deformation is different from which caused by pathology. Functional stress analysis can effectively explain the cause and process of foot bone deformation.