内蒙古东南部战国时期的农业经济及人群融合

内蒙古东南部是辽西地区粟作农业起源地的中心区域,也是历史时期农、牧民族反复争夺的战略要地。战国早中期,该地主要为北方民族聚居地,具有多元的族群文化和复杂的经济类型;战国晚期,随燕文化的北扩,中原地区的文化与农耕技术促使此地的文化与人群趋于统一。纵观战国时期,农耕经济在内蒙古东南部先民的生存方式中居于何种地位,对不同人群及文化的融合又起到了怎样的积极作用,仍缺乏深入的探讨。为此,本文以赤峰地区战国时代水泉和大山前墓地出土的67例人骨及牙齿为研究对象,开展了C、N稳定同位素分析。结果显示：先民主要摄食C₄类,包括粟、黍等作物和（或）以粟类副产品为食的动物,反映了其生存方式为以种植粟类作物为基础的农业和家畜饲养业。部分先民的同位素数据,表明也存在着渔猎经济。结合该区域已发表的人骨C、N稳定同位素数据,我们发现,粟作农业始终在该地先民生存方式中发挥重要作用,为不同人群及文化的融合奠定了物质基础。

Stable isotope analysis reveals an agricultural economy in Southeast Inner Mongolia during the Warring States period

Southeastern Inner Mongolia is the central area for the origins of millet agriculture in the Liaoxi region of north China, and is a strategic region for competition between agricultural and nomadic groups. In the early-middle Warring States period, this area was mainly a settlement for northern ethnic groups with diverse ethnic cultures and complex economic activities. In the late Warring States period, expansion of the Central Plain dynasties and their progressive cultivation skills led to a uniformity of culture and population in the area. Few studies have focused on the status of this agricultural economy and its profound impacts on the integration of the population and culture in southeastern Inner Mongolia throughout these times. Here, we analyzed 67 bones and teeth from the Shuiquan and Dashanqian tombs in Chifeng for stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N). The results showed that the ancestors predominantly consumed C₄ foods including foxtail millet and broomcorn millet, or animals that depended on these products, which reveals a dietary pattern based on millet cultivation and animal husbandry. Fishing was also an important supplement based on certain isotopic data. The present paper further reviews several other stable isotope studies in this area, indicating that the consumption of millet not only played a predominant role, but also provided the material basis for fusion of different populations and cultures during the Warring States period.