福州市生态系统破坏损失评估

生态系统破坏损失核算是构建绿色国民经济和经济生态生产总值核算体系的关键内容。本研究以福州市生态系统为研究对象,根据其人类不合理利用生态情况,构建了符合福州市的生态系统破坏损失核算框架体系,对2015和2018年福州市生态系统破坏损失进行核算。结果表明: 福州市2015年生态破坏损失成本为90.81亿元,占GDP比重的1.6%。在系统类型上,海洋的生态破坏损失最大,为63.11亿元,占总生态破坏损失的69.5%,其次为湿地生态系统,占比28.7%,农田生态破坏损失最小,占比仅为1.8%;在功能组成上,产品供给功能损失最大,为63.13亿元,占总生态破坏损失的69.5%,其次为调节功能损失,占比27.5%,主要源于水流动调节功能和气候调节功能损失;在区域分布上,生态破坏损失成本主要集中在罗源县、连江县、福清市和闽清县,累计高达80.92亿元,占总生态破坏损失的89.7%。与2015年相比,2018年福州市生态系统破坏损失成本减少26.08亿元,呈明显降低趋势,降幅达28.7%,主要源于连江县、罗源县、福清市和闽清县生态破坏损失成本的降低,降幅分别为86.4%、14.8%、19.9%和12.6%,主要源于海洋和湿地生态系统类型人为破坏率的降低,表明福州市人民生态保护意识不断增强,海洋与湿地系统人为生态破坏现象明显好转。本研究对生态系统生态破坏损失的定价为促进区域可持续发展和生态文明建设提供了数据支撑。

Accounting for the cost of ecological degradation in Fuzhou City,China

Ecological degradation accounting is a critical content of building green GDP and gross economic-ecological product (GEEP) accounting systems. With ecosystems in Fuzhou City as a research object, we built an accounting framework for the cost of ecological degradation according to the unreasonable human activity. Following the accounting framework, we calculated the ecological degradation cost in Fuzhou City of 2015 and 2018. The results showed that the ecological degradation cost in Fuzhou City of 2015 was 9.08 billion yuan, accounting for 1.6% of local GDP. For different ecosystem types, marine ecological degradation cost was the largest, about 6.311 billion yuan, accounting for 69.5% of the total loss, followed by wetland ecosystem, accounting for 28.7%, and then arable land, contributing only 1.8%. In term of functions, the cost of provisioning degradation was the largest, about 6.313 billion yuan, accounting for 69.5% of the total loss, followed by regulation loss, accounting for 27.5%, mainly from the loss of climate regulation and hydrological regulation. In the regional distribution, the ecological degradation cost was mainly concentrated in Lianjiang County, Luoyuan County, Fuqing City, and Minqing County, up to 8.092 billion yuan in total, accounting for 89.7% of total loss. Compared with 2015, the ecological degradation cost in 2018 decreased by 2.608 billion yuan, showing an obvious downward trend, with a decrease rate of 28.7%. The reductions were major in Lianjiang County (86.4%), Luoyuan County (14.8%), Fuqing City (19.9%), and Minqing County (12.6%), and mainly concentrated in marine and wetland ecosystems. Such a result indicated that people’s awareness of ecological protection in Fuzhou City was increasing, and that the ecological damage due to human activity in marine and wetland system was obviously decreased. This study provided data support for promoting regional sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.