黑龙江省乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查分析

为了掌握黑龙江省乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)流行现状和人群免疫水平,评价我省儿童乙肝疫苗预防接种效果,为制订乙肝预防控制策略提供依据。采用横断面调查方法,选择全省7个国家级疾病监测点,在每个监测点随机抽取2个乡级单位,1～59岁作为目标人群共调查3337名人群。黑龙江省1～59岁人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)阳性率经标化后为5.65%、55.45%、30.50%,1～3岁人群乙肝表面抗原阳性率明显低于15～59岁人群。1～3岁、4～10岁和11～14岁人群乙肝疫苗全程接种率为99.43%、89.40%和64.81%;首针及时接种率分别为86.64%、75.57%和49.87。城市和农村HbsAg阳性率分别为3.26%和5.04%。医院出生儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率高于在家出生儿童。结果显示接种乙肝疫苗可明显提高抗-HBs阳性率,提高人群对HBV的免疫保护能力,降低HBsAg携带率。

The seroepidemiology investigation of HBV in Heilongjiang Province

To know of the prevalent status and immunity level of Hepatitis B virus(HBV),to evaluate vaccination effect,and to provide scientific basis for establishing prevalent and control strategy for HBV in Heilongjiang province.7 national disease surveillance spots were selected and 2 country level units were taken at random in each surveillance spot in Heilongjiang province.3337 people of 1-59 years old were investigated as target population.Among 1-59 years old people,the positive rate of HBsAg,Anti-HBs and Anti-HBc was 5.65%,55.45% and 30.505.The HBsAg positive rate in 1-3years old children was lower than those in 15-59 years old.The entire vaccination rate for HBV in 1-3,4-10 and 11-14 years old was 99.43%,89.40% and 64.81% and the timely rate of the first vaccination was 86.64%,75.57% and 49.875.The HBsAg positive rate in city and country was 3.26% and 5.04%.The first vaccination for HBV vaccine in children born in hospital was higher than those born at home.Vaccination for HBV can evidently improve Anti-HBs positive rate and immunity protective ability and lower the carrying rate.