Adaptive, taxonomic, and phylogenetic aspects of female abdominal features in Oligotrophini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), and four new Dasineura species from the Western Palearctic

The external structure of the end part of the female abdomen in Oligotrophini was studied. Various patterns were found, some of them representing adaptations of limited value for phylogenetic considerations, but the analysis also demonstrated synapomorphies for certain genera. For example, all known species of Gephyraulus are equipped with a pair of horn-like sensilla situated dorsally near the tip of the superior lamella. This development apparently does not occur in other Oligotrophini. Six general models regarding the cuticular sculpture of the superior lamella were distinguished in Dasineura and Macrolabis. Evolution of some of the models may have occurred several times. Lectotypes of Jaapiella catariae Rübsaamen and Wachtliella dalmaticu Rübsaamen are designated. Wachtliella rosarum (Hardy) is transferred to Dasineura. Four new species are described: Dasineura mariae sp. n., D. berti sp. n., D. helenae sp. n., and D. erodiicola sp. n.