贵州凯里药市的侗族药用植物

凯里药市最初由当地少数民族自发组织,药市中不仅有大量的苗族传统药用植物,而且侗族传统药用植物十分丰富,为了掌握该药市侗族药用植物的现状,该研究运用民族植物学和植物分类学等方法于2014—2017年对凯里药市交易的侗族药用植物进行了6次详细调查。结果表明:该药市出售的侗族药用植物种类较多,共有65科100属111种,其中以广义百合科(Liliaceae)植物(6种,5.4%)为主,其次为伞形科(Umbelliferae)、菊科(Compositae)、天南星科(Araceae)植物(各5种,各占4.5%),再次为苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)植物(4种,3.6%)。从植物生活型来看,草本占有绝对优势,共有88种,占79.3%;用药部位具有多样化,但全草类药材占总数的一半。该研究还对药市中侗族和苗族交易的药用植物进行了比较分析,得出凯里药市交易的侗族药材具有独特的地域性和民族性,尤以治疗风湿关节、跌打损伤等常见疾病为主,并对凯里药市的可持续发展提出了建议。

Traditional Dong medicinal plants on Kaili market, Guizhou, China

Kaili market, in a city in Guizhou Province, Southwest China was spontaneously organized by local minority. Lots of Miao medicinal plants were traded here, and there are also various ethnomedicinal plants used by Dong ethnic people, playing an important role for the application, conservation and communication of traditional Dong medicinal knowledge. However, few records about Dong medicinal plants from the market had been reported. Based on the approaches of ethnobotany and taxonomy, six investigations were carried out during 2014-2017. The information of the medicinal plants and the plant samples were collected with assistance from the local people in the medicinal market and surrounding areas during the field investigations. The result showed that a total of 111 medicinal plant species used by Dong people were identified, which belong to 65 families and 100 genera. The number of families containing more than four species includes Liliaceae(6 species, 5.4%), Umbelliferae(5 spp., 4.5%), Compositae(5 spp., 4.5%), Araceae(5 spp., 4.5%), and Gesneriaceae(4 spp., 3.6%). Life forms showed that herbaceous plants constituted the highest proportion(79.3%)represented by 88 species. Using part also showed the diversity, while the whole plants used for treating ailments reached to 50% of the total medicine. By comparing with Miao medicine, Dong people have unique methods and experience to treat diseases, especially focusing on traumatic injury and rheumatism. Their medicinal uses are closely related with regional and national characteristics. Finally, suggestions for sustainable development of the traditional medicinal market in Kaili were proposed in the this paper.