Atomic force microscopy and hydrodynamic characterization of the adhesion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> to hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrata at different pH values

Understanding the mechanism of the bacterial cell adhesion to solid surfaces is of great medical and industrial importance. Bacterial adhesion to inert surfaces, such as a catheter, and other indwelling devices can form biofilm, consequently cause severe morbidity and often fatal infections. Initial bacterial adhesion to the material surfaces is a complicated process that is affected by various physicochemical properties of both bacterial cells and substratum surfaces. The surface properties of the cells were characterized by the sessile drop technique. Moreover, the interfacial free energy of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the supporting materials was determined. The results showed that S. aureus examined at different pH levels could be considered hydrophilic. We noted hat the electron-donor character of S. aureus was important at intermediate pH (pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9) and it decreased at both limits acidic and basic conditions. In addition, the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 to the hydrophilic glass and hydrophobic indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass surfaces at different pH values (2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and image analysis was assessed with the Mathlab^® program. The data analysis showed that cells (number of adhering cells to glass and ITO-coated glass surface) adhered strongly at acidic pH and weakly at alkaline pH. Also, S. aureus has the ability to attach to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, but the adhesion was higher on hydrophobic surface.