中国和美国红火蚁毒腺生物碱组分的比较分析

【目的】比较两个入侵地红火蚁Solenopsis invicta毒腺生物碱成分及相对含量的地区间差异。【方法】以在中国广东省惠州、 广州、 深圳、 东莞、 珠海和美国阿拉巴马州采集的红火蚁工蚁为材料， 用正己烷溶剂浸提48 h获得浸提液， 将浸提液进行硅胶柱层析分离， 用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析其所含的生物碱成分及其相对含量。【结果】红火蚁毒腺生物碱含顺式生物碱组分和反式生物碱组分。通过总离子图对比， 得到了7种顺式生物碱、 8种四氢吡啶和7种反式生物碱， 并计算得到这些组分的相对百分含量。【结论】中国广东省5个地区红火蚁生物碱组成无差别， 相对含量略有差异， 惠州种群和深圳种群差别最大， 其他地区间没有差别。中美两国入侵地的红火蚁种群生物碱成分种类无差别， 其各个组分之间相对含量略有差异， 美国阿拉巴马州种群与中国深圳种群各组分相对含量差别最大， 与中国广州种群差别最小。另外， 在检测的中国广东样品中， 只确认了红火蚁的存在， 提示杂合蚁与黑火蚁还未传入中国。

Comparative analysis of venomous alkaloids in workers of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from China and the United States

【Aim】 This study aims to determine the geographical differences in the components and relative contents of venomous alkaloids in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, from two invaded areas. 【Methods】 Workers of S. invicta were collected from USA and South China, and then extracted with HPLC grade hexane followed by GC-MS analysis. The chemical identity of GC peaks was identified and their relative percentage content was obtained. 【Results】 The cis alkaloids and trans alkaloids from body extract of fire ant workers could be readily separated by silica gel column chromatography. By using GC-MS technique, 7 cis alkaloids, 8 piperideines, and 7 trans alkaloids were identified from alkaloid fractions of fire ant colonies collected in the invaded areas of USA and China. The relative percentage contents of these components were different in different degrees between the USA populations and the South China populations. 【Conclusion】 The chemistry of venom alkaloids of the red imported fire ant between USA and China is quite similar. Only S. invicta is found in China, suggesting that S. richteri and hybrid fire ants may have not invaded China yet.