转Bt基因抗虫作物对鳞翅目非靶标昆虫生态影响的研究进展

任何转基因作物在进入商业化应用之前都必须经过严格的环境风险评价。评价转基因作物特别是抗虫作物对农田重要非靶标节肢动物的生态影响是其中一项重要内容。当前,全球种植的转基因抗虫作物大多表达对鳞翅目害虫具有活性的Cry1或Cry2类杀虫蛋白。由于非靶标鳞翅目昆虫如斑蝶、家蚕等与靶标害虫具有较近的亲缘关系,其幼虫可能同样对这类杀虫蛋白敏感。因此,这类转基因抗虫作物对非靶标鳞翅目害虫的潜在影响引起了研究者的广泛关注。在总结国内外相关研究数据的基础上,系统分析了转基因抗虫作物对非靶标蝶类和蚕类昆虫的潜在影响,获得以下结论：虽然蚕类和蝶类昆虫对Cry1或Cry2类杀虫蛋白敏感,但在自然条件下这类非靶标昆虫暴露于Cry杀虫蛋白的水平很低,抗鳞翅目害虫转基因作物的种植不可能显著影响田间蝶类昆虫的种群密度,也不会给我国的蚕丝产业带来负面影响。

Progress in the assessment of ecological effects of insect-resistant Bt crops on non-target of lepidopteran insects

Any genetically modified （GM） crop has to be subjected to a rigorous environmental risk assessments prior to commer- cialization. The evaluation of the potential ecological effect of such plants, in particular insect-resistant GM （IRGM） plants, on non- target arthropods is an important part of the assessments. Most IRGM crops that are currently planted in the world express Cryl or Cry2 insecticidal proteins targeting lepidopteran pests. Since the non-target lepidopteran insects such as butterflies and silkworms are close relatives to the target pests, their larvae may be also sensitive to such Cry proteins. Therefore, the potential effects of such IR- GM crops on several non-target lepidoptera have been studied over last two decades. The larvae of silkworms and butterflies are in- deed sensitive to Cry I or Cry2 insecticidal proteins. These non-target arthropods are expected to be exposed to relatively low of quan- tities of the Cry proteins under natural conditions in China, so the planting of IRGM crops will not significantly affect the population densities of butterflies in the fields, and will not negatively affect the silk industry.