Epididymis as a target for contraception

Advantage of using a vaccine based on sperm antigens is that it can be used both in males and females as individuals who have antisperm antibodies are usually infertile but otherwise healthy. Several sperm specific antigens identified as prospective candidates for immunocontraception are of testicular origin. For the purpose of immunocontraception it may be desirable not to disrupt spermatogenesis and testicular function. Concept of post testicular maturation of spermatozoa has been very well established. During post testicular voyage spermatozoa undergo a series of complex and sequential events which transforms the immature immotile spermatozoa into mature sperm. Acquisition of functional maturity is necessary for progressive motility, zona pellucida recognition culminating in sperm egg binding. Importance of epididymal maturation is highlighted by the fact that high percentage of male infertility in human originates from the malfunction of the epididymis. The epididymis has also shown to be involved in sperm storage and provides an adequate environment for final maturation of the sperm. It provides a conducive microenvironment by virtue of which the spermatozoa are protected during the storage. In view of this it is imperative that more attention needs to be focused on epididymal antigens. The information obtained will enable us to identify epididymal antigens relevant to fertility and also help in infertility diagnosis.