Biotransformation of ferulic acid to acetovanillone using Rhizopus oryzae |
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Authors: | K Shiva Shanker K Hara Kishore Sanjit Kanjilal Sunil Misra U S Narayana Murty R B N Prasad |
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Institution: |
a Lipid Science and Technology Division, Hyderabad, India
b Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India |
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Abstract: | Microbial transformation of ferulic acid to acetovanillone was studied using growing cells of Rhizopus oryzae. Ferulic acid was added to the growing medium (0.5 g L-1) and incubated for 12 days. The progress of formation of metabolites was monitored by GC and GC-MS after extraction with ethyl acetate. The major metabolite was acetovanillone with minor metabolites formed, such as dihydroferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol and dihydroconiferyl alcohol. Traces of metabolites (≤1-3%), such as vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid and phenyl ethyl alcohol, were also produced. Formation of 4-vinyl guaiacol increased from day 1 (12.4%), reaching a maximum on day 4 (31.7%), and reducing to a minimum on day 12 (3.1%). The formation of acetovanillone increased only from day 2 onward, and reached a maximum (49.2%) on day 12. The optimum concentration of ferulic acid to be added into the medium was found to be only 0.5 g L-1, as any increase in concentration (0.75 and 1.0 g L-1) precipitated the precursor, resulting in no further degradation. |
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Keywords: | Acetovanillone coniferyl alcohol dihydroferulic acid ferulic acid Rhizopus oryzae 4-vinyl guaiacol |
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