TGF-β3 and cancer: A review |
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Authors: | H.G. L.M. N.L. S. M.W.J. |
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Affiliation: | aRenovo Group Plc, Core Technology Facility, 48 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9XX, UK;bLaboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 37, Rm. 4032A, 37 Convent Drive, MSC 4255, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, United States |
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Abstract: | With the development of growth factors and growth factor modulators as therapeutics for a range of disorders, it is prudent to consider whether modulating the growth factor profile in a tissue can influence tumour initiation or progression. As recombinant human TGF-β3 (avotermin) is being developed for the improvement of scarring in the skin it is important to understand the role, if any, of this cytokine in tumour progression.Elevated levels of TGF-β3 expression detected in late-stage tumours have linked this cytokine with tumourigenesis, although functional data to support a causative role are lacking. While it has proved tempting for researchers to interpret a ‘correlation’ as a ‘cause’ of disease, what has often been overlooked is the normal biological role of TGF-β3 in processes that are often subverted in tumourigenesis. Clarifying the role of this cytokine is complicated by inappropriate extrapolation of the data relating to TGF-β1 in tumourigenesis, despite marked differences in biology between the TGF-β isoforms. Indeed, published studies have indicated that TGF-β3 may actually play a protective role against tumourigenesis in a range of tissues including the skin, breast, oral and gastric mucosa. Based on currently available data it is reasonable to hypothesize that administration of acute low doses of exogenous TGF-β3 is unlikely to influence tumour initiation or progression. |
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Keywords: | Transforming growth factor β Tumourigenesis Cytokines Avotermin |
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