冬末春初圈养梅花鹿健康与腹泻个体粪便菌群的比较分析

腹泻是制约梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)养殖发展的主要因素之一，通常与肠道菌群失衡有关，而健康与腹泻梅花鹿个体菌群组成变化尚不清楚。为探究健康与腹泻梅花鹿肠道菌群差异，分析梅花鹿腹泻原因，以圈养雄性梅花鹿为实验对象，采集正常及腹泻梅花鹿粪便共18份，通过16S rRNA基因测序进行比较分析。研究结果表明，腹泻组菌群丰度及多样性较健康组均有所下降。在门至属水平，腹泻组理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)、克里斯滕森菌科(Christensenellaceae)等有益菌丰度下降，Treponema＿2菌属等促炎菌丰度上升。此外，瘤胃球菌科UCG-014菌属(Ruminococcaceae＿UCG-014)和理研菌科RC9菌属(Rikenellaceae＿RC9＿gut＿group)在健康组中显著富集；疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、阿克曼氏菌属(Akkermansia)在腹泻组显著富集。腹泻梅花鹿与健康梅花鹿粪便菌群组成和多样性存在显著差异，疣微菌门丰度升高可能是导致梅花鹿腹泻的一个原因。

Comparative Analysis of Fecal Flora of Healthy and Diarrheic Captive Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) in Late Winter and Early Spring

Diarrhea is one of the main factors restricting the development of sika deer (Cervus nippon) farming, which is usually related to the imbalance of intestinal microbial population. However, the changes of microbial population of healthy and diarrheic individual sika deer remain unclear. In order to explore the difference of intestinal microbial population between healthy and diarrheic sika deer and analyze the cause of diarrhea, a total of 18 samples of normal and diarrheic feces were collected from captive male sika deer for comparative analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of microbial population in diarrheic group were lower than those in healthy group. At phylum to genus level, the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Rikenellaceae and Christensenellaceae decreased in diarrheic group, while the abundance of proinflammatory bacteria such as Treponema_2 increased. In addition, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were significantly enriched in the healthy group, while Verrucomicrobia, Alloprevotella and Akkermansia were significantly enriched in diarrheic group. In summary, there were significant differences in intestinal microbial population composition and diversity between diarrheic sika deer and healthy sika deer, and the increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia may be a cause of diarrhea in sika deer.