Institution: | 1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Departamento de Pesquerías y Biología Marina, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico;2. Universidad Veracruzana, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Campus Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina (current affiliation), La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico;3. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Departamento de Pesquerías y Biología Marina, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Departamento de Biología de la Conservación (current affiliation), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;4. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Unidad La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico;5. The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California |
Abstract: | The Guadalupe fur seal (GFS) currently is recovering from near extinction and prey availability is an important factor. Scat and stable isotope analyses (SIA) were used to assess GFS foraging on Guadalupe Island during 2013–2016. This period was characterized by normal (2013) ocean temperatures followed by warm conditions (2014–2016). Scat samples (~40/year) were collected for prey identification. Additionally, lanugo samples from 1-month-old pups (50/year) were processed for SIA (δ13C/δ15N). Interannual prey preferences were identified (ANOSIM, p < .05), including significant differences between 2013 and the anomalous years. The most important prey species among these years was the jumbo squid; followed by the neon flying squid (2014–2016). The GFS diet was more specialized in 2013–2015 and more generalized in 2016. Prey from higher trophic levels (determined by scat analysis) were consumed during 2014–2016, but with significantly lower δ13C/δ15N values than in 2013 (ANOVA, p < .05 for both isotope ratios). This pattern may indicate more northerly or offshore foraging areas, with the presence of oceanic prey (neon flying squid). The widest isotopic niche was observed in 2015 (2.2‰2), reflecting a broader foraging area. Our findings are an important step toward better understanding the impacts of climate change on the recovery of GFS. |