闽江流域生态安全格局及其生态保护修复措施

流域及其生态环境问题受到国内外的广泛关注，我国面临的流域生态环境问题突出亟待解决，体现流域生态系统完整性的山水林田湖草生命共同体理念对我国流域生态保护修复工作具有重要意义。以福建省山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点的工程区——闽江流域为例，在介绍其生态环境特征的基础上，通过梳理分析，根据区域生态功能的重要性构建“一江一带一区一屏”的闽江流域总体生态安全格局，面临的主要生态环境问题包括闽江水环境污染、流域岸带水土流失、矿区生态破坏、森林屏障和生物多样性退化等一系列威胁；分析提出了闽江水环境综合治理、干支流沿岸带水土流失防治、矿区废弃土地修复、武夷山地等重要生态屏障森林和生物多样性保护等主要任务及相应工程措施，体现了流域整体性、系统性的保护修复需求和内在逻辑；讨论了监测、评价等保障措施，为改善闽江流域生态系统和开展山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程提供科学依据和实践经验。

Ecological-environmental problems and solutions in the Minjiang River basin, Fujian Province, China

The ecological and environmental issues associated with river basin have received worldwide attention, and in China, the problems associated with river basins urgently require solutions. By promoting the integrity of watershed ecosystems, the concept of community of shared life composed of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands is of great significance to the ecological protection and restoration of river basins in China during the new era. In the present study, the Minjiang River basin (Fujian Province, China), which is a national pilot project area for ecological protection and restoration was concerned. Based on the introductions to its ecological-environmental conditions, and the importance of regional ecological functions within the Minjiang River basin via literature review and analysis, the overall ecological security pattern composed of the river, riparian zones, mining areas, and ecological barriers were proposed. The present study also revealed a series of related threats, such as river pollution, riparian hillside soil erosion, mining destruction, forest barriers, and biodiversity degradation. Considering the ecological security pattern and current ecological-environmental issues, the present proposes major tasks and corresponding engineering measures, including the treatment of water in the Minjiang River, management of soil erosion along riparian zones, repair of abandoned land within mining areas, protection of forests and biodiversity in the Wuyi Mountains and other important ecological barriers, thereby reflecting the integrated and systematic requirements and intrinsic logic for basin protection and restoration. Supporting measures such as monitoring and evaluation are also discussed. This study provides a scientific basis and practical experience for improving ecosystems in the Minjiang River basin and for implementing national projects of ecological protection and restoration in China.