国家重点生态功能区2010-2015年生态系统服务价值变化评估

国家重点生态功能区是国家重要的生态安全屏障,其生态保护价值对维护国家生态安全具有重要意义。基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法,采用模型运算和地理信息空间分析,定量分析了25个国家重点生态功能区在实施转移支付后（2010-2015年）生态系统服务价值的时空分布格局及其变化特征。研究结果表明：（1）2015年,全国重点生态功能区生态系统服务价值呈现明显的"西北低,东南高"的分布格局。从25个重点生态功能区来看,中高值区的面积占比31.60%,个数占比60%。4类自然生态功能区的生态系统服务价值大小排序为水土保持型功能区 > 生物多样性维护型功能区 > 水源涵养型功能区 > 防风固沙型功能区。（2）2010-2015年,全国重点生态功能区的生态系统服务价值整体呈明显增加趋势,增幅为16.46%。从空间分布来看,80.14%面积的生态系统服务价值基本持衡;从分级变化特征来看,高值区、较高值区的面积增加,中值区面积减少,较低值区面积增加,低值区面积减少。（3）近5年来,25个重点生态功能区的生态系统服务价值呈增加的有21个,占比84%,而生态系统服务价值出现减少区域的变化幅度均小于1%;4类自然生态功能区生态系统服务价值均呈增加趋势,其变化幅度从高到低依次为水土保持生态功能区（1.44%） > 水源涵养生态功能区（0.22%） > 防风固沙生态功能区（0.21%） > 生物多样性生态功能区（0.08%）。生态系统服务价值整体呈上升趋势,反映出生态保护与工程建设成效明显。本文研究成果可为分类分区开展生态系统保护、改善及其效果的定量综合评估提供科学依据,为重点生态功能区管理和国家生态安全格局的构建提供有效参考依据。

Monitoring and assessment of the ecosystem services value in the national key ecological function zones

The national key ecological function zones are important national ecological security barriers, and their ecological protection value is of great significance for maintaining national ecological security. The policy of financial transfer payment was established to protect ecosystems and environment in those zones. In order to evaluate the ecological effects of financial transfer payment policy, 25 national key ecological functional areas and their four types of natural functional zonings are used as research areas in this paper. Based on the value equivalent factor of unit area value, the ecosystem service values and their change in 2010-2015 were quantitatively estimated by using the methods of model operation and geographic information spatial analysis. The results showed that (1) in 2015, the value of ecosystem services in key functional areas of the country presented an obvious distribution pattern of "low in northwest and high in southeast". From the perspective of 25 key ecological function areas, the area of the medium-high value area accounts for 31.60% and the number accounts for 60%. The ecosystem service value of the four types of natural ecological functional areas from the highest to the lowest is the soil and water conservation type functional area, the biodiversity maintenance type functional area, the water source conservation type functional area, and the wind and sand fixation type functional area. (2) From 2010 to 2015, the value of ecosystem services in key national ecological functional areas showed a significant increase, with an increase of 16.46%. In terms of the spatial distribution, the ecosystem service value of 80.14% of the key eco-functional areas remained basically unchanged. According to the characteristics of grading change, the area of the high value area increases, the area of the median area decreases, and the area of the low value area decreases. (3) In the past five years, there have been 21 increases in the value of ecosystem services in 25 key ecological areas, accounting for 84.00%. However, the range of changes in the areas where ecosystem service value decreased was less than 1.00%. The ecosystem service value of the four types of natural ecological function areas showed an increasing trend, and the change ranged from high to low were soil and water conservation ecological function area (1.44%), water conservation ecological function area (0.22%), wind prevention and sand fixation ecological function area (0.21%), and biodiversity ecological function area (0.08%). The value level of ecosystem services is on the rise as a whole, which reflects the obvious effect of ecological protection and engineering construction. The research results can not only provide a scientific basis for the quantitative and comprehensive assessment of ecosystem protection, improvement and its effects, but also provide an effective reference for the construction of important ecological functional areas and the construction of national ecological security patterns.