退化草地生态恢复研究案例综合分析:年限、效果和方法

草地生态系统退化严重影响着全球生态安全、草原区域居民生计和草原文化多样性的发展。退化草地恢复工作依赖于对有效研究案例的借鉴,不同研究年限的案例对生态恢复实践的目标、恢复方案的制定有不同借鉴和参考作用,而获得有指导价值的研究案例通常是长期开展的研究工作。在调查国内外149个退化草地生态恢复案例基础上,该文综合分析了退化草地生态恢复的研究年限分布、恢复目标、恢复方法,效果及长期研究数据获取方法等,主要有以下几方面总结。(1)年限小于10a的案例数量较多,且更侧重于连续性研究;较长时间研究更多依赖于以前研究案例重访性研究。(2)相对而言,较长期的研究结果可靠性更高,其恢复技术的说服性更强,对于生产力的研究一般比生态功能研究的案例年限短些。(3)在退化草地生态恢复中,恢复目标排在前三位的分别是生物多样性,植被覆盖度和土壤碳库。(4)在调查的研究案例中关于动物群落的研究非常少。(5)退化草地恢复方法中应用最多是人工播种,围栏封育,放牧应用。(6)跨度时间较长的研究工作大多采用案例重访的方式,获取和以前可对比的数据资料。最后,建议特别应该重视案例重访方法的应用,尽可能更多的开展实地性数据获取再进行大数据综合,这样更可靠。

Synthesis-review for research cases of grassland ecological restoration: Years, effect and method

The degradation and deterioration of grassland ecosystem had influenced the global ecological security, local resident livelihood and development of culture diversity in rangeland area. The restoration projects successful depend on the good experience provided by effective study case, and then those cases normally are with different study years. And the study case with different years have different indicators or guidelines for the restoration goal, method. Moreover, the long-term in the grassland restoration study is seen very important for getting more experience. This paper had reviewed 149 international study cases of grassland restoration with different study period, and analysis the study time pattern, restoring goal, restoring method, and restoration effect, and the long-term data getting method etc, and we had several summary points in the following context. (1) In the 149 cases, the most cases were less 10 years, that focus on continuous experiment every years, and on the other hand, the long-term study cases (> 10 years) rely on the filed revisiting. (2) The study with long-term monitoring and survey has more reliability in the results, and have more useful guideline of restoration technique. In normal, the study objective with the productivity had less study period (years) than that with the objective of ecological function. (3) In those study cases, three most restoration goals were biodiversity, vegetation coverage, and soil carbon pool. (4) There were few cases about animal community. (5) The most restoration method or approach applied in the study were seed sowing, fencing exclusion, and grazing. (6) The study with longer time (years) in the grassland restoration applied the method of field revisiting to get the data from same filed sites could be compared with previous records. As the conclusion, the authors suggested that we should pay attention to the application of field revisiting method in monitoring and evaluation of grassland restoration''s effect. We should conduct more and more the on-site field measurement and then do the data analysis, and big-data synthesis then their result will be more effective.