面向管理目标的国家公园生态监测指标体系构建与应用

国家公园具有生态系统保护、自然资源可持续利用等管理目标,这些管理目标的实现需要大量监测数据和信息的支持。对国家公园开展生态监测有助于了解国家公园内生态系统的动态变化并揭示管理活动的影响,从而为管理决策的规划和实施提供有用信息。为推动我国国家公园生态监测体系的建立,提出了面向管理目标的国家公园生态监测指标构建方法。该方法由确定国家公园生态监测目标、识别国家公园管理目标、识别国家公园关键生态过程、确定需要监测的生态过程并制定初始监测指标清单、确定最终监测指标清单5个部分组成。该方法在三江源国家公园进行了应用。三江源国家公园的管理目标包括生态系统保育、维持江河径流量持续稳定等13项,在区域、景观、生态系统和种群尺度上共识别出16个关键生态过程。通过匹配三江源国家公园的关键生态过程与管理目标,构建了一个由两级共93个指标组成的三江源国家公园生态监测指标体系,为三江源国家公园生态监测体系的构建奠定了基础。

Establishment and application of an ecological monitoring indicator system in national parks oriented to management objectives

The national parks have management objectives such as ecosystem conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. The realization of these management objectives requires support of a large amount of data and information. Ecological monitoring can help to understand the dynamic change of ecosystems within the national parks and to reveal the impact of management activities, thus providing useful information for the planning and the implementation of management decisions. Since the national park system concept was put forward in 2013, construction of pilot national parks has been gradually carried out in China. Although some of them have achieved monitoring results to some extent by integrating various resources, the pilot national parks still lack in ecological monitoring that can meet management needs in China. To promote the establishment of an ecological monitoring system in national parks of China, we proposed a methodology of constructing an ecological monitoring indicator system in the national parks oriented to management objectives. This methodology consists of five procedures:1) to determine the objectives of ecological monitoring in the national parks. 2) to identify the management objectives of the national parks. 3) to identify key ecological processes in the national parks. 4) to identify the ecological processes that need to be monitored and develop a list of initial monitoring indicators. 5) to determine a list of final monitoring indicators. This methodology was applied in Three-River-Source National Park where management objectives were identified such as ecosystem conservation, maintain sustainable and steady river runoff and key ecological processes were identified at levels of the region, landscape, ecosystem, and population. By matching key ecological processes and management objectives, an ecological monitoring indicator system was established in Three-River-Source National Park, which consists of 93 indicators at two levels. This methodology and its application has laid a foundation for the establishment of an ecological monitoring system in Three-River-Source National Park.