人为热排放对城市热环境的影响研究展望

全球范围的城市扩张和能源消耗,导致人为热在不同时间和空间尺度上影响地表热环境,人为热排放与城市热岛的关系受到广泛关注。通过国内外文献总结源清单法、数值模拟法和能量平衡方程等3种人为热估算方法的优缺点,评价人为热研究在城市、区域和全球尺度的主要进展和区别,归纳出现有研究在城市尺度多关注人为热的时间动态变化,区域和全球尺度研究则更关注人为热的空间差异,以及人为热对于全球变暖的贡献和人类的适应对策。从中发现人为热研究中存在的问题和不足,包括研究尺度和研究方法匹配性、研究结果的验证和比较、人为热排放与景观功能的联系、人为热排放强度和周期对气温的影响机制等。根据现存问题提出多学科集成、人为热与景观功能耦合、时空尺度选择、数据获取等4个方面的建议,有助于在理论和方法方面深化和拓展城市人为热研究。

Impacts of anthropogenic heat emissions on urban thermal environment:a review

The rapid economic development creates huge demands of urban expansion in most global cities. Along with the urbanization, the energy consumption has significantly increased in the recent decades. The resulting anthropogenic heat emission can lead to significant changes in the surface thermal environment on different temporal and spatial scales. We reviewed the related references, and concluded that three methods, including source inventory, mathematical modeling, and surface energy balance, have been used for evaluating anthropogenic heat emission. Current studies are mainly focused on the city, regional, and global scales. The studies conducted on the city scale are concentrated on the temporal dynamics of anthropogenic heat emission, whereas those conducted on the regional and global scales pay close attention to the spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic heat emission. The regional and global research also focuses on the contribution of anthropogenic heat emission to the global warming and potential climate adaption strategies. After reviewing the related references, we concluded four categories of weak points in the current studies of anthropogenic heat emission. To better understand and quantify the impact of anthropogenic heat emission on the surface thermal environment, we suggest several improvements in the future studies. First, the research conclusions of anthropogenic heat emission depend on different evaluation methods, and they are not easy to evaluate and compare with each other. Although the statistical and mathematic models can assess the anthropogenic heat emission, the in situ monitoring and enormous data collection (Big Data) would better supplement the quantification of anthropogenic heat emission. Second, the research conclusions on city scales cannot be compared with those on the regional and global scales. Selecting appropriate methods for evaluating anthropogenic heat emission should be based on specific temporal and spatial scales. Third, the impact of anthropogenic heat emission lacks connection with landscape ecology. The theories of landscape ecology, such as patch-corridor-matrix, provide useful implications to improve the research on anthropogenic heat emission. Last, the impact of the intensity and dynamics of anthropogenic heat emission on the urban thermal environment have not been quantified enough in the current studies. Thus, it is crucial to understand the anthropogenic heat emission in different scientific fields including ecology, environment science, and building technology.