山水林田湖草生态保护修复的系统性认知

系统治理是山水林田湖草生态保护修复的核心,然而在工程实施和评估中如何有效落实和考核山水林田湖草生态保护修复的系统性仍是目前一大难题。通过厘清系统性与整体性的逻辑关系,从山水林田湖草生态保护修复的对象、主体及其耦合联系入手,明晰系统治理是山水林田湖草生态保护修复的必然选择,进而提出关键要素控制与全要素耦合相结合的治理思路,并以云南抚仙湖项目区为例阐明系统治理在山水林田湖草生态保护修复中的实践路径。最后,依据结构-功能复杂度、要素关联紧密度及其认知,将山水林田湖草治理系统分为形态系统、级联系统、过程-响应系统、控制系统等四级递进系统,从流域内和流域外的空间视角出发,提出基于“目标-约束-成本”的山水林田湖草生态保护修复系统性评估方法,为山水林田湖草系统治理的实施与考核提供核心科学支撑。

Systematic cognition of ecological protection and restoration of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands

Systematic governance is the core component of the ecological protection and restoration of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands. However, it is difficult to efficiently implement and assess systematic governance. By clarifying the logic relationships between "holistic" and "systematic", this study demonstrates the necessity of systematic governance in terms of the object, the subject of ecological protection and restoration, and their links. From the perspective of a complex system, the systematic approach of controlling the key elements of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland system and implementing systematic governance with total factors is proposed and demonstrated using the Fuxian Lake Basin of Yunnan Province as a case study. The mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland system is divided into four closely connected levels by the compactness of system structure and function, i.e. morphological system, cascading system, process-responding system, and control system. It is also proposed to evaluate the systematicness of ecological protection and restoration according to "goal-constraint-cost" from a spatial perspective within and outside the basin. This study can provide support and guidance for the implementation and assessment of systematic governance of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands.