湖北省三峡地区山水林田湖草系统原理及生态保护修复研究

“统筹山水林田湖草系统治理”是习近平生态文明思想的重要组成部分,对于山水林田湖草生态保护修复工作具有重要指导意义。在阐述山水林田湖草系统原理的基础上,以湖北省三峡地区为例,针对该区域主要的生态环境问题,从生态系统整体性和流域系统性着眼,探讨了试点区山水林田湖草生态保护修复的总体思路及目标,并提出应从水环境、水土流失综合治理,长江岸线、污染土地、废弃矿山、江河湖库生态修复,三峡地区濒危动植物保护,江河沿线生态农业示范区建设,机制体制创新等方面入手实施具体修复措施,探索构建“整体保护、系统修复、综合治理、区域联动、部门协同”的生态保护修复体系。研究结果可为试点地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复实践提供科学依据,对其他区域的相关工作也具有借鉴和示范意义。

Ecological theory and restoration practices of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grasslands system in the Three Gorges area of Hubei Province

As an important part of Xi Jinping''s thought on ecological civilization, to adopt a holistic approach to conserving our mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands has important guiding significance for ecological protection and restoration practices in China. In the present study, taking the Three Gorges area of Hubei Province as a case study, we firstly described the system principles of life community and analyzed major eco-environmental problems in this area. Then, the overall design and objectives for ecological protection and restoration were explored from the perspectives of watershed ecology and ecosystem integrity. We further proposed that some specific measures could be implemented from the following aspects:(1) comprehensive treatment on water environment and soil erosion; (2) ecological restoration on the shoreline of the Yangtze River, contaminated land, abandoned mines, as well as rivers and lakes; (3) protection of endangered animals and plants in the Three Gorges area; (4) construction of eco-agriculture demonstration zones along the rivers; and (5) innovation in environmental management mechanisms. These measures may be helpful for developing a unique protection and restoration system featured with "overall protection, integrated restoration, comprehensive management, regional association, and multi-departmental cooperation". Therefore, our research provides not only a scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration practices of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grasslands system in the Three Gorges area, but also a demonstration pilot for other regions.