祁连山山水林田湖草生态保护与修复的探索与实践

遵循“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”的先进理念,实施生态系统的整体保护、系统修复、综合治理,是加强生态文明建设的新举措。现阶段生态保护与修复的研究主要集中在内涵、机制及启示等方面,为“山水林田湖草”生态保护修复提供了理论与技术支撑,但缺乏系统性的梳理与总结。以中国重要生态功能区祁连山为例,以生态地位、退化现象及成因为切入点,结合已开展的生态保护修复工程,总结了典型生态保护修复措施,提出了有针对性的策略与建议,旨在为山水林田湖草生态修复提供模式示范。祁连山生态退化的原因主要为：全球气候变暖、人类活动干预、传统发展理念制约及环境保护投入不足等。典型生态保护与修复措施已涵盖了“山水林田湖草”各个方面,但在工程实践中如何有机整合各项措施,使生态系统成为“生命共同体”仍是未来探索的科学问题。生态保护修复的理论与实践还需完善以下内容：加强基础调研与科技创新;加强统一规划与协同管理;积极完善生态补偿机制;建立由“开刀治病”工程治理向“健康管理”自然恢复逐步引导的生态修复理念。

Exploration and practice of ecological protection and restoration about mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands in the Qilian Mountains

Following the advanced concept of "taking mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands as a life community", the implementation of overall protection, system restoration, and comprehensive management of ecosystems is important for promoting the development of ecological civilization. Currently, related research mainly focuses on connotation, mechanisms, and enlightenment. This provides theoretical and technical bases for the ecological protection and restoration of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands but lacks systematic combing and summarization. Using the Qilian Mountains, which is an important ecological function area in China, as a case study. Based on the ecological status, degradation phenomenon and cause, the present study summarizes the typical ecological protection and restoration measures, proposes targeted strategies. The aim of the study is to provide a model demonstration for the ecological restoration of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands. The main drivers of ecological degradation include global warming, human activity, restriction of traditional development concept, and insufficient investment in environmental protection. Typical ecological protection and restoration measures have covered all aspects of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, but how to organically integrate engineering measures to transform ecosystem into "life communities",it still require further exploration. The theory and practice of ecological protection and restoration need to be improved by strengthening basic research and technological innovation, strengthening unified planning and collaborative management, actively improving the ecological compensation mechanism, and establishing the ecological restoration concept from project management to natural restoration.