基于PSR模型的国家公园综合灾害风险评估指标体系构建

灾害会对社会-生态系统产生严重影响,造成重大的社会、经济、环境等方面的损失,科学地对灾害风险进行评估是进行防灾减灾的基础工作。自然保护地是区域灾害风险管理热点地区,在国家公园体制试点建设与自然保护地体系改革中,国家公园作为保护重要生态系统并保障全民公益性的重要的自然保护地类型之一,管理目标的多样性,决定了其具有多风险源-多受体的灾害风险特征,因此,进行全面有效的灾害风险评估是支持国家公园生态系统管理、游客管理、社区管理等具体管理目标的必要环节。在明确国家公园灾害风险的特征与内涵的基础上,以国际减灾署灾害风险定量评估框架为依据,细分灾害风险源和风险受体,然后针对国家公园不同类型的灾害风险受体,以灾害风险源的危险性与灾害风险受体的脆弱性(包含敏感性、暴露性和适应性)衡量灾害风险度,结合压力-状态-响应(Pressure-State-Response, PSR)模型,构建了适用于国家公园综合灾害风险管理的评估指标体系,旨在为国家公园的灾害风险管理提供理论基础和科学依据,服务于国家公园多元化管理目标。

Comprehensive disaster risk assessment index system for national parks based on the PSR model

Disasters can have a serious impact on society and ecosystems, causing significant social, economic, and ecological losses. Scientific assessment of disaster risk is the basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. Protected areas are hot spots for regional disaster risk management. During the construction of a national park system and the reform of the protected area system, the national park stands out as one of the most important areas that conserves critical ecosystems as well as provides public welfare. Efficient disaster risk assessment is necessary to support different management objectives such as ecosystem management, visitor management, and local community. Based on the concept of disaster risk management, this research applied the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model to reflect dynamic management processes. In view of the different disaster risk receptors in the national park, the hazard of disaster-causing factors and environments, and the vulnerability (including sensitivity, exposure and adaptability) of disaster risk receptors were matched to the PSR model to establish a comprehensive disaster risk assessment index system. This research aims to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for disaster risk management in a national park to serve diverse management objectives.