重点脆弱生态区生态恢复模式现状与发展方向

生态系统退化严重影响区域可持续发展,控制生态系统退化和生态恢复已成为重要议题。我国脆弱生态区分布广泛,生态系统退化显著,荒漠化、水土流失、石漠化等问题突出,针对这一问题,我国已开展一系列生态恢复工程,积累了数量众多的生态恢复模式。在梳理重点脆弱生态区(北方风沙区、青藏高寒区、干旱荒漠区、黄土高原区和喀斯特地区)生态环境问题现状基础上,整理了针对不同脆弱生态区及亚区的生态恢复模式,构建了一套全面评估生态恢复模式的综合效益的指标体系,结合实地调查和数据收集,评估了脆弱生态区的生态恢复模式的综合效益,基于此提出生态恢复实践中应将生物多样性和生态系统服务提升作为重要目标,同时加强针对生态恢复模式的成本效益分析,综合设计生态恢复管理制度,搭建重点脆弱生态区生态恢复信息平台可为生态恢复模式筛选和优化提供决策支持。

Ecological restoration in the key ecologically vulnerable regions: Current situation and development direction

Ecosystem degradation seriously affects regional sustainable development. Therefore, ecosystem restoration has become a critical issue. China''s ecologically vulnerable regions are widely distributed and the degradation of ecosystems is remarkable. Desertification, soil erosion, and rocky desertification have become prominent problems. To address these problems, China has launched a series of ecological restoration projects and accumulated a large number of ecological restoration modes. This study clarified the current situation and eco-environmental problems in the key ecologically vulnerable regions (northern wind-sand, Tibetan Plateau, arid desert, Loess Plateau, and karst regions), listed the ecological restoration modes according to the ecologically vulnerable regions and their sub-regions, and developed a comprehensive evaluation index system for the restoration modes. The comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration were assessed based on field surveys and data collection. This study suggested that biodiversity and ecosystem services should be promoted as an important goal for restoration practices, the cost-benefit analysis of ecological restoration modes should be strengthened, and a comprehensive design of an ecological restoration management system should be developed. The establishment of an ecological restoration information platform for ecologically vulnerable regions can provide decision support for the selection and optimization of ecological restoration modes.